To prepare and submit physiological salt solutions for isolated tissues (incomplete)

Requirement

Glassware- Beaker, glass rod volumetric flask.
 

Chemicals- sodium chloride sodium bicarbonate, D-glucose, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium biphosphate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride and distilled water.

Theory for prepare and submit physiological salt solutions for isolated tissues

Physiological solutions are prepared distilled water. Physiological solutions are prepared fresh and within 24 hours. Storage is not recommended because of the problems of microbial growth.

Role of each chemical in the physiological salt solution

1. Sodium chloride is required to maintain isotonicity.
2. Sodium chloride and potassium chloride maintain the membrane potential.
3. Sodium bicarbonate maintains the alkaline pH.
4. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate or sodium dihydrogen phosphate act as buffer.
5. Magnesium sulphate play a role in the relaxation of smooth muscle.
6. Calcium ions are required for contraction process. These ions are known to take some part in the passage of the sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane. 
7. Glucose provides energy for the cell.

Procedure for role of each chemical in the physiological salt solution

Name of the Ingredients	Name of the physiological salt solution
	Frog Ringer	Tyrode	Krebs
NaCl	6.5	8	6.9
NaHCO3	0.2	1	2.1
D-glucose	2	1	2
KH2PO4	-	-	0.61
NaH2PO4	0.01	0.05	-
KCl	0.14	0.2	0.36
MgSO4.7H2O	-	-	0.29
MgCl2	-	0.1	-
CaCl2	0.12	0.2	0.28
Distilled water to make up volume upto	1000ml	1000ml	1000ml